Search results for "Peptide hormone"
showing 10 items of 51 documents
Association between Leptin and Complement in Hepatitis C Patients with Viral Clearance: Homeostasis of Metabolism and Immunity
2016
Background The association between leptin and complement in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unknown. Methods A prospective study was conducted including 474 (250 genotype 1, 224 genotype 2) consecutive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who had completed an anti-HCV therapy course and undergone pre-therapy and 24-week post-therapy assessments of interferon λ3-rs12979860 and HCV RNA/genotypes, anthropometric measurements, metabolic and liver profiles, and complement component 3 (C3), C4, and leptin levels. Results Of the 474 patients, 395 had a sustained virological response (SVR). Pre-therapy leptin levels did not differ between patients with and without an SVR. Univariate and mul…
An increase in visceral fat is associated with a decrease in the taste and olfactory capacity
2017
Introduction Sensory factors may play an important role in the determination of appetite and food choices. Also, some adipokines may alter or predict the perception and pleasantness of specific odors. We aimed to analyze differences in smell–taste capacity between females with different weights and relate them with fat and fat-free mass, visceral fat, and several adipokines. Materials and methods 179 females with different weights (from low weight to morbid obesity) were studied. We analyzed the relation between fat, fat-free mass, visceral fat (indirectly estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis with visceral fat rating (VFR)), leptin, adiponectin and visfatin. The smell and taste ass…
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors, Type 2 Diabetes and Fibrosis Progression: An Observational Study in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disea…
2016
Background The clinical determinants of fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still under definition. Aim To assess the clinical determinants of fibrosis progression rate (FPR) in NAFLD patients with baseline and follow-up histological evaluation, with a special focus on the impact of pharmacological therapy. Methods In an observational cohort of 118 Italian patients from tertiary referral centers, liver histology was evaluated according to Kleiner. Independent predictors of FPR were selected by a stepwise regression approach. Results Median follow-up was 36 months (IQR 24–77). Twenty-five patients (18%) showed some amelioration, 63 (53%) had stability, 30 (25…
The maternal hormone in the male brain: Sexually dimorphic distribution of prolactin signalling in the mouse brain.
2018
Research of the central actions of prolactin is highly focused on females, but this hormone has also documented roles in male physiology and behaviour. Here, we provide the first description of the pattern of prolactin-derived signalling in the male mouse brain, employing the immunostaining of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) after exogenous prolactin administration. Next, we explore possible sexually dimorphic differences by comparing pSTAT5 immunoreactivity in prolactin-supplemented males and females. We also assess the role of testosterone in the regulation of central prolactin signalling in males by comparing intact with castrated prolactin-supp…
Fasting regulates EGR1 and protects from glucose- and dexamethasone-dependent sensitization to chemotherapy
2017
Fasting reduces glucose levels and protects mice against chemotoxicity, yet drugs that promote hyperglycemia are widely used in cancer treatment. Here, we show that dexamethasone (Dexa) and rapamycin (Rapa), commonly administered to cancer patients, elevate glucose and sensitize cardiomyocytes and mice to the cancer drug doxorubicin (DXR). Such toxicity can be reversed by reducing circulating glucose levels by fasting or insulin. Furthermore, glucose injections alone reversed the fasting-dependent protection against DXR in mice, indicating that elevated glucose mediates, at least in part, the sensitizing effects of rapamycin and dexamethasone. In yeast, glucose activates protein kinase A (P…
Circulating Betatrophin Levels Are Increased in Anorexia and Decreased in Morbidly Obese Women.
2015
Betatrophin is produced primarily by liver and adipose tissue and has been recently reported as a novel hormone promoting β-cell proliferation and β-cell mass and improving glucose tolerance.Because it is markedly regulated by nutritional status, we hypothesized that circulating betatrophin levels might be affected by pathophysiological conditions altering body weight.We analyzed circulating betatrophin levels in 149 female patients, including 99 with extreme body mass index (30 anorexia nervosa, 24 obese, 45 morbid obese, and 50 healthy eating/weight controls).Serum betatrophin levels and its correlations with different anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured.Plasma betatro…
Lack of plasmic beta-endorphin response to a gastronomic meal in healthy humans.
1991
Abstract In order to study the relationship between the endogenous opiate system and food intake in man, plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin were measured in ten healthy subjects. Time course of beta-endorphinemia was compared under the following conditions: basal (fasting), after an injection of pentagastrin (6 μg/kg), or after a gastronomic meal. No changes in plasma beta-endorphin or ACTH concentrations were observed with pentagastrin nor after the meal, despite the combination of very high sensory pleasure with intake of a very large amount of food. It is concluded that blood beta-endorphin concentration is not a sensitive index of the effects of food intake on the endogenous opioid…
Endothelial dysfunction in PCOS. role of obesity and adipose hormones
2006
PURPOSE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely prevalent disorder in which elevated blood markers of cardiovascular risk and altered endothelial function have been found. This study was designed to determine if abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in young women with PCOS may be explained by insulin resistance and elevated adipocytokines. METHODS: A prospective study in 50 young women with PCOS (age: 25.2 +/- 1 years; body mass index [BMI]: 28.7 +/- 0.8) and 50 matched ovulatory controls (age: 25.1 +/- 0.7 years; BMI: 28.5 +/- 0.5) was performed. Carotid IMT, brachial FMD, and blood for fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponect…
Pituitary-adrenal responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in late onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency
1990
Intravenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) were administered in patients with adult onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency to compare their diagnostic capability as well as to investigate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in this disorder. Responses of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, which were markedly elevated compared with controls, were identical with CRF and ACTH. However, intravenous ACTH resulted in higher androstenedione levels in comparison to CRF. Adrenocorticotropin hormone also resulted in decreased cortisol responses, confirming a defect in steroidogenesis, a finding that was not evident with CRF. Plasma ACTH responses to CRF were similar in …
Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin.
2005
Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a significant health care problem in postmenopausal women and is driven largely by obesity. We wished to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), diagnosed using practical methods, and whether several adipocyte factors (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) or the gastric peptide ghrelin, associated with cardiovascular risk, might be abnormal and may relate to IR. Study design: We evaluated 37 obese postmenopausal women with MBS and 34 matched obese premenopausal controls, as well as 14 non-obese premenopausal controls. We measured fasting glucose and insulin, performed 75g 2 hr oral glucose tolerance and intravenous insulin tolerance tests to assess…